home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- WORLD, Page 33East Germany: The More Things Change . . .
-
-
- Early next month the leaders of East Germany will gather on
- Marx-Engels Square to begin a three-day celebration of their
- country's 40th anniversary. Guest of honor at the speeches and
- parades will be Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, whose
- program of reforms has been dismissed as "unnecessary" by the
- aged, tradition-bound leaders who will be his hosts. If past
- birthdays are any indication, the East German speakers will
- proclaim how every day "the superiority of socialist society is
- clearly demonstrated."
-
- Those lofty words, however, are hardly likely to clear the
- smog of despondency that has enveloped East Germany. Even
- before thousands of its most talented young people streamed to
- the West last week, the part of divided Germany that is still
- a dictatorship was clouded over with feelings of dejection and
- frustration -- the result of being held captive by a Stalinist
- government that refuses to change when the world all around it
- is changing.
-
- A blend of Prussian thoroughness and Marxist ideology, the
- German Democratic Republic for decades provided the highest
- standard of living in Eastern Europe. Now the production
- machine has grown old and uncompetitive, and economic growth is
- less than 1% a year. The Communist youth daily Junge Welt asked
- last week what must be done to keep its citizens from being
- "lured away by shop windows filled with bananas." But it is not
- simply economic hardship in the East that motivates those who
- flee to the West. The refugees who arrived in West Germany
- stressed that it was the all-intrusive influence of the
- Communist Party on their daily lives that finally persuaded them
- to leave.
-
- East Germans normally compare their lives with those of
- West Germans, but they are also well informed about events in
- the Soviet Union, Poland and Hungary. Their frustration has
- mounted as they watch those countries experimenting with
- glasnost and perestroika. But party chief Erich Honecker, 77,
- made it clear that such social and economic reforms will not be
- forthcoming. The authorities in East Berlin even took the
- unfraternal step of banning Soviet publications that carried
- "distorted portrayals of history."
-
- Honecker and his colleagues are well aware that theirs is
- a rump state, legitimized only by the practice of what they
- call socialism. Hungary and Poland could dilute their socialism
- and still remain ethnic and national entities. But such
- experiments in East Germany, its leaders fear, would simply
- hasten the swallowing of their state by the larger Federal
- Republic next door. In the well-noted words of senior Communist
- Party ideologist Otto Reinhold, "What reason would a capitalist
- G.D.R. have for existing next to a capitalist Federal Republic?
- None, naturally."
-
- It is the legitimacy and the very existence of the G.D.R.
- that Honecker is trying to protect by rejecting reform, though
- the impression he generates is more akin to paralysis. The air
- of confusion and impotence in East Berlin has intensified since
- he dropped out of sight on Aug. 14. Officially, he is
- recuperating from a gallbladder operation, but the whispers have
- grown louder that he has cancer. Even if Honecker's political
- life is over, his successor is not expected to deviate from the
- status quo course Honecker has set. The consensus among the
- Politburo's 26 members (average age: 68) is that a refusal to
- change guarantees stability.
-
- Honecker's most likely successors, veteran Politburo
- members Egon Krenz, 52, and Gunter Mittag, 62, who have been
- filling in for him at public ceremonies, are at least as
- conservative. The rise of either of them to the top job would
- mean no change from the present course. "They are signaling that
- the old line is the right line for the future," says Fred
- Oldenburg, senior analyst at the Federal Institute for East
- European and International Studies in Cologne.
-
- In the pre-Gorbachev era, the Soviets could have been
- expected to step in and order some relaxation as an antidote to
- rising internal pressures. Now the Soviets have put themselves
- on the sidelines by vowing noninterference in the domestic
- affairs of Eastern Europe. In a report to the Kremlin that
- leaked in West Germany last week, Valentin Falin, head of the
- international department of the Soviet party's Central
- Committee, said the East German leadership had "sharply
- rebuffed" advice from Moscow but was "powerless" to deal with
- the crisis. He predicted that "hard-to-control mass
- demonstrations" would break out in East Germany by early next
- year.
-
- Last week Mittag declared, "Nothing and no one will divert
- us from the course of doing everything for the well-being and
- happiness of the people." If East Germans are paying any
- attention, steadfast pledges like that can only increase the
- flow of emigres to the West.
-
-